El stock de inmigrantes
Históricamente, la migración internacional en las Américas se puede caracterizar por tres periodos importantes: a) hasta alrededor de 1950, los países del continente americano en su conjunto fueron destinos de inmigración transoceánica proveniente de Europa en particular, para luego convertirse –con notables excepciones de Estados Unidos Unidos y Canadá – en países de emigración; b) hacia 1960 se desató una emigración permanente y cada vez más intensa de los países de América Latina y el Caribe hacia los países desarrollados, principalmente Estados Unidos, Canadá y España; yc) una tendencia de migración intrarregional, moderada pero en constante crecimiento en las últimas décadas, que ha llevado a Argentina, Costa Rica, Venezuela y recientemente a Chile a convertirse en países regionales receptores de migrantes.
La población inmigrante (stock) en las Américas ha aumentado de alrededor de 34 millones en 1990 a 61 millones en 2013, un aumento de casi 78% en comparación con el 42% observado en el resto del mundo (Cuadro 8).
Cuadro 8. Stock de inmigrantes internacionales por país y región de residencia, 1990-2013
| Country or region of residence | Stock of international immigrants as a percentage of the total population (both sexes) | Rate of change in the stock of immigrants (1990=100) | number of immigrants | |||
| 1990 | 2013 | 2000 | 2010 | 2013 | 2013 | |
| Canada | 16.261317335912 | 20.704139287853 | 123.51290855562 | 155.55000187881 | 161.95742054345 | 7284069 |
| united states | 9.1357244590944 | 14.30557337044 | 149.73125487022 | 190.02878840701 | 196.91642854814 | 45785090 |
| Canada and the United States | 9.8 | 14.9 | 145.47852533448 | 184.43443815159 | 191.24376584136 | 53069159 |
| Old and bearded | 19.431072917003 | 31.93087736845 | 195.12012636129 | 233.16152631141 | 238.86441100673 | 28733 |
| Bahamas | 10.476402250154 | 16.255226910174 | 143.19121206479 | 226.16272574939 | 228.4230124744 | 61343 |
| Barbados | 8.2487583675232 | 11.340481443487 | 114.57086761406 | 142.03440538519 | 150.89753178758 | 32280 |
| Cuba | 0.32596470412112 | 0.14359606551929 | 52 | 47 | 47 | 16177 |
| Dominica | 3.5514888337469 | 8.9149063233476 | 147.79674473998 | 228.86065899166 | 254.82334259627 | 6419 |
| Dominican Republic | 4.0185769000323 | 3.8688508895966 | 122.13971444371 | 136.14584871768 | 138.24647691404 | 402506 |
| Grenada | 4.4274349334275 | 10.734015127907 | 153.0612244898 | 228.78254750176 | 266.64320900774 | 11367 |
| Guyanese | 0.56479408807478 | 1.8471435556951 | 194.70085470085 | 319.19413919414 | 360.68376068376 | 14770 |
| Haiti | 0.26840631010802 | 0.36889889867284 | 135.35946342486 | 183.94466568853 | 199.43932089709 | 38061 |
| Jamaica | 0.87772296002344 | 1.2538938348094 | 118.74759152216 | 156.27167630058 | 168.14547206166 | 34907 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 7.9519016481767 | 10.468527984352 | 124.63812750231 | 162.85802279027 | 174.71512165075 | 5673 |
| St. Lucia | 3.8616297582863 | 6.6822842659088 | 138.68065967016 | 206.42803598201 | 228.26086956522 | 12180 |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 3.7243393576352 | 9.380742962157 | 159.34065934066 | 232.69230769231 | 256.24375624376 | 10260 |
| Suriname | 4.4327914958059 | 7.7270266060422 | 152.55393488991 | 218.92296600299 | 231.10199101547 | 41670 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 4.1464795925048 | 2.4223968814846 | 82.408321162121 | 67.966683772155 | 64.121896340741 | 32488 |
| Caribbean | 1.6 | two | 125.31810385312 | 150.09825796192 | 154.45708193001 | 748834 |
| Belize | 16.210970824091 | 15.323892738777 | 120.01052493093 | 152.47993685041 | 167.28062097092 | 50860 |
| Costa Rica | 13.565732709966 | 8.6116113449336 | 74.455256831439 | 97.072993190112 | 100.46548603063 | 419572 |
| The Savior | 0.88619006756077 | 0.65634101280445 | 66.961570945946 | 85.143581081081 | 87.869510135135 | 41615 |
| Guatemala | 2.9724096824763 | 0.4704101698174 | 18.209167590641 | 25.120999632933 | 27.535315999198 | 72764 |
| Honduras | 5.5146793417371 | 0.33964015407855 | 10.524622535805 | 10.090857656338 | 10.170362728022 | 27503 |
| Mexico | 0.8144893147071 | 0.90201778843559 | 74.273842941257 | 137.288899539 | 157.39250992743 | 1103460 |
| Nicaragua | 0.98584074389505 | 0.68221610208934 | 74.879878407531 | 98.377132771132 | 101.69150813885 | 41482 |
| Panama | 2.4803601128529 | 4.0996384734626 | 140.06095880417 | 228.5566057619 | 256.83273617484 | 158417 |
| Central America | 1.5929962594452 | 1.1444543234536 | 59.62959872559 | 94.31451113718 | 104.47417776622 | 1915673 |
| Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 0.8770915004108 | 1.4462291026314 | 149.45125020977 | 244.70045309616 | 258.98640711529 | 154330 |
| Colombia | 0.31307888646994 | 0.26827034520209 | 105.11330398842 | 119.17393097231 | 124.3150455038 | 129632 |
| Ecuador | 0.77702649642276 | 2.2831222862447 | 128.84329354334 | 414.00404256131 | 456.77764641572 | 359315 |
| Peru | 0.25717853200218 | 0.34540548874042 | 107.04373761006 | 167.61202293144 | 187.37877949029 | 104919 |
| Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 5.1834764836618 | 3.8524026493225 | 99.049312051006 | 110.42570844723 | 114.470627671 | 1171331 |
| Andean region | 1.4 | 1.4 | 103.91176457237 | 137.65870620117 | 145.22266152815 | 1919527 |
| Argentina | 5.0572425199251 | 4.5496955261039 | 93.351188755327 | 109.45731275293 | 114.2891257086 | 1885678 |
| Brazil | 0.53359562469189 | 0.29929738397153 | 85.73342834279 | 74.208564125748 | 75.098964705823 | 599678 |
| Chili | 0.81354298077862 | 2.2602587965703 | 164.95846550265 | 343.65819852839 | 370.4626003479 | 398251 |
| Paraguay | 4.3140215170456 | 2.7310782610869 | 95.688221016173 | 99.123462513977 | 101.33144244143 | 185776 |
| Uruguay | 3.1549151575544 | 2.1581057227605 | 90.577479717885 | 77.727383912919 | 74.93986709609 | 73528 |
| Southern Cone | 1.4 | 1.2 | 93.975445021971 | 106.64568962722 | 110.76775541449 | 3142911 |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 1.6 | 1.4 | 88 | 112 | 119 | 7726945 |
| Americas Total | 4.7 | 6.2 | 134.71626309311 | 170.85868673893 | 177.61836824464 | 60796104 |
| Rest of the world | 2.6 | 2.8 | 107.06045982146 | 135.27750642892 | 142.34743486546 | 170726111 |
| Grand total | 2.9 | 3.2 | 113.20283280734 | 143.1801111226
|
||